Does depression increase risk of dementia?

What is depression?

The World Health Organisation (WHO) describes depression as a common mental disorder which is characterised by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities.

Depressive symptoms

Depression can disturb a person’s sleep and appetite. Other depressive symptoms may include tiredness, poor concentration, feelings of hopeless about the future or low self-worth. The effects of depression can be long-lasting or recurrent and can dramatically affect a person’s ability to function and live a rewarding life.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics says that one in seven Australians will experience depression in their lifetime.

What causes depression?

According to WHO, depression results from a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have gone through adverse life events (unemployment, bereavement, traumatic events) are more likely to develop depression. Patients with depression can, in turn, experience more stress and dysfunction and worsen the affected person’s life situation and the depression itself.

You can read more about depression on WHO's website here.

Is there a possible link between depression and dementia?

Is there a connection between depression and risk for developing dementia or vice versa? IRT Business Manager Illawarra Region Matt Coventry says that while there is a link between depression and dementia, just because a person has dementia doesn’t mean they have depression and if a person has a history of depression doesn’t mean they have dementia.

“They can present very similar,” he explains. “But it’s very hard to say that depression and dementia contribute to each other. Depression may be a symptom of dementia, more often than not, but they don’t necessarily go hand-in-hand. There is currently no definitive answer.”

What’s really important is taking action if symptoms of either dementia or depression arise, whether it's early or late life depression or dementia, and an important first step is speaking to your GP or health professional.

Ways to help prevent dementia

The AIHW says there are a number of lifestyle factors which may increase the risk of developing dementia, such as:

·         physical inactivity

·         obesity in mid-life

·         excessive alcohol consumption

·         social isolation

·         tobacco smoking

·         some health conditions.

As there is currently no known cure for dementia, managing the risk factors is the best way to prevent and manage dementia. For people with Alzheimer’s disease for example, there are medications that may help to manage symptoms and slow dementia progression.

Ways to manage depression

It’s important to find ways of getting help and treating depression, including depressive symptoms, as soon as possible. A GP, nurse or mental health professional can provide advice about the treatment and support available.